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Introduction The modern landscape of international relations is complex and multifaceted, shaped by an array of historical, political, economic, and technological forces. Geopolitics, as a discipline, concerns itself with the interactions between geography, politics, and power on a global scale, and it has been at the heart of international relations for centuries. Today, the evolving … Read more

Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st century. While its environmental effects—such as rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and sea-level rise—are well-documented, the broader geopolitical and national security implications of climate change have gained increasing attention. Climate change is not merely an environmental issue; it is intrinsically … Read more

In the 21st century, the landscape of global security has evolved into a highly complex and volatile system. The traditional notions of security, often defined in terms of military defense, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity, are being challenged by new geopolitical dynamics. The threats and risks to global security today are multifaceted, transcending national borders … Read more

Energy has long been at the center of global political and economic dynamics. The interplay between energy resources, power structures, and geopolitical tensions shapes international relations and influences decisions made by states across the world. While energy resources such as oil, natural gas, and renewable energy have become increasingly important in a globalized economy, they … Read more

In the 21st century, warfare has evolved far beyond the traditional domains of land, sea, and air. A new battlefield has emerged that is largely invisible, yet increasingly significant in global conflicts: cyberspace. Cyber warfare has become a pivotal tool in the arsenals of state actors, non-state actors, and even criminal organizations. The impact of … Read more

In the contemporary international order, the balance of power has shifted dramatically. Historically, geopolitical tensions were largely shaped by the interactions between a few dominant global powers, particularly the United States, Russia, and the European Union. However, in recent decades, the rise of emerging powers has introduced new dynamics, reshaping the contours of global geopolitical … Read more

Geopolitical strife, often manifesting in conflict and tension between nations, is a long-standing feature of international relations. At the heart of many of these conflicts lies a combination of territorial disputes and competition for resources. These two elements—territory and resources—are intrinsically linked to the survival, growth, and security of states. This essay explores the roots … Read more

The term “Cold War” has historically referred to the period of tension and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union from the end of World War II in 1945 until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. However, the dynamics of global politics have shifted dramatically in the 21st century, and some analysts … Read more

In an increasingly interconnected world, geopolitical boundaries are no longer defined solely by borders or territorial disputes. Rather, they are evolving through shifting alliances, economic partnerships, and strategic interests. Over the last few decades, there has been a dramatic redefinition of global power structures, driven by both traditional powers and rising nations that are challenging … Read more

In recent years, the global geopolitical landscape has been marked by rising tensions, not only in the form of economic disputes and trade wars but also increasingly through military confrontations. The progression from economic sanctions, tariffs, and trade conflicts to open hostilities represents a worrying trend that has the potential to reshape international relations and … Read more